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Bambolinetta
''Bambolinetta lignitifila'' is a fossil species of waterfowl from the Late Miocene of Italy, now classified as the sole member of the genus ''Bambolinetta''. First described in 1884 as a typical dabbling duck, it was not revisited until 2014, when a study showed it to be a highly unusual duck species, probably a flightless, wing-propelled diver similar to a penguin.
==History==
The species is known from partial skeleton collected in Montebamboli, Tuscany, placed in the Museum of Geology and Palaeontology at the University of Turin. Among the other fossils collected from the same locality are some of the hominid ''Oreopithecus''.〔 Tommaso Salvadori was the first to study these fossils, publishing an account as part of an 1868 paper by B. Gastaldi, in which he pointed to similarities with both waterfowl and auks. The species was formally described by Alessandro Portis in 1884, with the name ''Anas lignitifila'', a member of the genus ''Anas'' that contains common duck species such as the mallard. Portis cited correspondence with Salvadori, who by then was convinced that the fossil was an anatid; at the time, essentially all fossil ducks were placed in ''Anas''.〔
After Portis, no studies were made and the only mentions of the species in scientific literature were listings in catalogues;〔 most recently, Jiří Mlíkovský placed the species as ''incertae sedis'' (position uncertain) among birds in 2002.〔 〕 The only illustration of the fossil was the lithograph from Gastaldi's 1868 paper, which remains an important documentation of the fossil since the much of the distal part of the wing has been lost.〔 The first reexamination of the species was made in a paper by Gerald Mayr and Marco Pavia published in 2014. Mayr and Pavia showed the species to have morphological features not present in any other anatid. According to them, it most likely is a highly unusual anatine, falling outside the three main tribes (Anatini, Mergini and Aythini). Accordingly, they placed the species in its own genus, taking the name ''Bambolinetta'' from its type locality.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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